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Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a chronic gastrointestinal disorder that occurs when stomach acid repeatedly backs up into the esophagus (the tube connecting the mouth and the stomach). While it’s common to experience acid reflux from time to time, repeated bouts may support a GERD diagnosis (doctors often consider acid reflux to be chronic if it occurs at least twice a week for several weeks).

The spine features cushioning discs that sit between vertebrae and act as shock absorbers. Each disc features a tough, rubbery exterior and a soft, gel-like core. Whether by sudden injury or years of wear, a tear can form on the exterior of a disc and cause its core to push into the spinal canal. This problem is referred to as a herniated disc.